- Small mining towns flourished at the start of the 1900s.
- Up until the 1930s, horse-drawn carriages and automobiles could still be seen on the same streets.
- Today, many of these towns lean on their history as tourist attractions.
Rural small towns that are today shaped by Dollar General stores and rusty industrial plants were once lively brick-paved main streets where domestic manufacturing and tight-knit communities flourished.
While some of America's small towns have grown in recent years, with young people moving in, others that prospered a century ago now lie abandoned.
First, mining prospects dried up. By the mid-century, declining industries began shaping what is now known as the Rust Belt, where once-booming iron, steel, and automobile plants were abandoned as manufacturing industries moved overseas.
Before this economic turmoil, small towns across the US were home to close communities, quaint main streets, and the first automobiles.
In some villages and small towns, like Normal, Nebraska, the bank was a building smaller than a house. In Hugo, Oregon, the high school was the size of a midsize church.
Take a look at what small towns looked like 100 years ago.
Oatman, Arizona, started as a mining town after gold was found nearby in the early 1900s.
Townspeople and old cars are seen in Oatman, Arizona in 1922.
Bettmann/Getty Images
Between the early 1900s and the 1940s, Oatman and nearby Gold Road were Arizona's biggest gold producers, and the town used to be a bustling center with over 10,000 inhabitants.
During the 2023 census, it had a population of just 102 people.
Today, the "lively ghost town" is defined by its streets of historic buildings, burros on the streets, and people wearing old-timey clothing and gunfighter costumes, as reported by Legends of America.
The main street in Manning, Iowa, was a dirt road until it was paved in 1915.
Manning, Iowa, late 1910s or early 1920s.
Transcendental Graphics/Getty Images
The town was founded in 1881 and was named for O.H. Manning, a politician.
The town of 1,500 is about 2 miles long and 2 miles wide, and its Main Street was paved in 1915, as reported by a community website.
In Eastman, Wisconsin, in 1920, the town's power plant was a small building that looked like it could be someone's home.
A power plant in Eastman, Wisconsin, 1920.
Sherwin Gillett/Wisconsin Historical Society/Getty Images
Eastman was established in 1855 and was named for Ben C. Eastman, a member of Congress from the district.
Today, the town has a population of 350, according to 2020 census data.
The state bank in Normal, Nebraska, is pictured in the early 1900s.
Normal, Nebraska, early 1900s.
FPG/Getty Images
The town was annexed in 1919 to become a part of Lincoln.
In 1927, the town of Hermosa, South Dakota — 84 people — gathered to meet President Coolidge.
Hermosa, South Dakota, 1927.
George Rinhart/Corbis via Getty Images
In 1927, President Calvin Coolidge went on a "working vacation" to South Dakota's Black Hills, where he would get a break from the hectic politics of Washington, DC, and win over rural populations, as reported by The Rapid City Journal.
The president's visit was supported by the expansion of the air mail service, which helped communications from the small, remote town, as reported by Vermont Public.
A town baseball game can be seen in this image of Boothbay Harbor, Maine, in 1910.
Boothbay Harbor, Maine, 1910.
Transcendental Graphics/Getty Images
The town of Boothbay Harbor was incorporated in 1889 and became a trading and shipbuilding center.
Today, the coastal town's main industries are boat manufacturing, fishing, and tourism, according to the Boothbay Harbor Chamber of Commerce.
Pictured in Cordell, Oklahoma, in 1920, two people pose by a sign that discourages speeding.
Cordell, Oklahoma, circa 1920.
Kirn Vintage Stock/Corbis via Getty Images
The town was established on land taken from the Cheyenne and Arapaho people. According to the Oklahoma Historical Society, at the end of the 19th century, a general merchandise store with a post office was established nearby. The name of the town honors a postal employee, Wayne W. Cordell.
In the early 1900s, Manhattan, Nevada, attracted settlers after gold was found nearby.
Main street in Manhattan, Nevada, in the early 1900s.
Historica Graphica Collection/Heritage Images/Getty Images
In 1905, a prospector found gold, and within a year, its population had reached 4,000, Travel Nevada reported.
Today, about 125 people reside in the town, and residents often refer to their community as a "living ghost town," per Nevada's state tourism agency.
Bannack, Montana, also began as a mining town after gold was discovered in a nearby creek.
Main Street in Bannack, Montana, 1920.
Corbis Historical/Getty Images
Though the town enjoyed decades of prosperity for the resources provided by Grasshopper Creek, by the 1930s, few residents remained.
In the following decade, the local school had to close down due to a lack of students, effectively turning the once-prosperous town into a ghost town, per Legends of America.
The now-abandoned town where gold was first discovered in the state is now part of a state park where dilapidated buildings are preserved.
Bonners Ferry, Idaho, pictured below in 1926, was another bustling mining community.
Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 1926.
Minnesota Historical Society/Corbis via Getty Images
Gold was discovered nearby in the mid-1800s.
Today, the town of 2,500 features a revitalized downtown area for tourists to visit, according to the town's website.
In 1925, Dayton, Tennessee, became famous for the Scopes Trial.
Main Street in Dayton, Tennessee, 1925.
George Rinhart/Corbis via Getty Images
In 1925, a Dayton high school science teacher, John T. Scopes, was tried and found guilty for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in what became known as the Scopes Trial.
Hugo High School, pictured below in 1926, was a school in Hugo, Oregon, from 1892 to 1967.
Hugo High School, Hugo, Oregon, 1926.
Corbis/Getty Images
Former students recently hosted a Hugo School reunion, according to Hugo School's Facebook page,
Fleischmanns, New York, was a vacation town for those looking to escape the New York City heat.
Fleischmanns, New York, 1925.
The New York Historical Society/Getty Images
Farmers discovered they could make money from people leaving the city, and hotels and guest houses popped up throughout the town.
Today, the town houses around 205 people, according to 2023 census estimates.
Provincetown, Massachusetts, began as a fishing and whaling community.
Art museum in Provincetown, Massachusetts, 1921.
The Boston Globe via Getty Images
In 1914, the Provincetown Art Association and Museum was founded by a group of prominent local artists. They worked with local businesses to create an art collection and educate the public in the arts.
The town is known for being the 1620 landing site of the Mayflower.
Lumber operations are pictured in Crossett, Arkansas, in the 1920s.
Crossett, Arkansas, 1920s.
Corbis/Getty Images
The town was named after Edward S. Crossett, a lumber entrepreneur.
Stillwater, Minnesota, was incorporated in 1854 and also began as a lumbering town.
Stillwater, Minnesota, 1926.
Minnesota Historical Society/Corbis via Getty Images
The town "had all the ingredients for a lumbering town," as reported by the Washington County Historical Society. The town features rivers connecting the small community to the pine forests of northern Minnesota and Wisconsin, and still waters that allowed for the raft assembly industry to flourish locally.
In 2011, Forbes named it as one of America's prettiest towns.
Holy City, California, was established by a cult leader and white supremacist, William E. Riker, in 1919.
Holy City, California, circa 1928.
MediaNews Group/Oakland Tribune via Getty Images
Holy City was created not as a religious oasis, as the name would indicate, but instead as "a commune and tourist trap created in the 1920s by a white-supremacist huckster," the San Francisco Chronicle wrote.
The Chronicle also reported that Holy City was reduced to "a few derelict buildings" after facing fire, neglect, and a new freeway that cut off the compound from major roads.
Mercury News reported in 2016 that the town was purchased after a decade on the market by Robert and Trish Duggan, billionaire Scientologists.
Taos, New Mexico, was established as early as 1000 AD by the Taos Pueblo people.
Taos, New Mexico, between 1920 and 1940.
Library of Congress/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images
Historians estimate that the ancestors of Taos Pueblo people built their living structures, as well as pottery and ceremonial buildings, as far back as 1000 AD, according to Taos.org.
Wrangell, Alaska, pictured below in the early to mid-1900s, was discovered by the Tlingit tribe.
Wrangell, Alaska, in the early to mid-1900s.
Visual Studies Workshop/Getty Images
The Native Alaskan populations remained isolated until the early 1800s, per Wrangell's website.
Lt. Dionysius Zarembo, a Russian-American ship commander, landed on present-day Wrangell in 1833. It is the only city in Alaska to be ruled by four nations and under three flags — Tlingit, Russia, England, and the United States —according to the town's website.
South Pass City, Wyoming, was founded as a gold mining town. It was later abandoned.
South Pass City, Wyoming, late 1920s.
Underwood Archives/Getty Images
Today, the town is a historic site tourists can visit and see the over 20 original restored buildings, per Wyoming History.
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